Friday, December 23, 2005

pesky pathogens

i've done a bit of research, aka googled, human pathogen life-cycles. i'm surpised to find that most don't live more than 1/2 a year at room temperature. so, what's the fuss about compost that's sat for two years?

from this site: http://oikos.com/library/compostingtoilet/pathogens.html:

Typical Pathogen Survival Rates at 20° to 30°C in Various Environments*

 Pathogen
Freshwater and Wastewater
Survival Time in Days**
Crops
Soil
 

Bacteria

Fecal coliforms***
<60 but usually <30
<30 but usually <15
<120 but usually <50
Salmonella (spp.)***
<60 but usually <30
<30 but usually <15
<120 but usually <50
Shigella***
<30 but usually <10
<10 but usually <5
<120 but usually <50
Vibrio cholerae****
<30 but usually <10
<5 but usually <2
<120 but usually <50
 

Protozoa

E. histolytica cysts
<120 but usually <15
<10 but usually <2
<20 but usually <10
 

Helminths

A. lumbricoides eggs
Many months
<60 but usually <30
<Many months
 

Viruses

Enteroviruses***
<120 but usually <50
<60 but usually <15
<100 but usually <20
* Adapted from Feachem et al. (1983).
** Includes polio, echo, and Coxsackie Viruses
*** In seawater, viral survival is less, and bacterial survival is very much less than in fresh water.
**** V. Cholerae survival in aqueous environments is a subject of current uncertainty.

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